When a baby is born to a married couple, the mother’s husband is assumed to be the father of the child. Paternity is the legal definition of a father’s relationship with the child. When a father establishes that he is legally the father, he has rights to the child, such as parenting time. This is what legally differentiates him from anyone else, such as a family friend or other father figure. Establishing paternity not only strengthens the relationship between father and child, but the child will also benefit.

Ways to Confirm Parentage

The only way paternity is automatically established is through marriage. Even if the parents of a child live together, or are engaged to be married, paternity will need to be established another way. The only exception is if the mother was married, or in a civil union, at least 300 days before the birth. In these cases, her partner or former partner will be assumed to be the child’s father. 

When a baby is born, the biological mother is already established, but unless the mother is married, the child's father is not presumed to be a legal parent. Paternity is the legal relationship between a father and a child. In cases where paternity needs to be established, doing so benefits the child in many ways. For example, it can foster a positive relationship between the father and child. In addition, the child is entitled to receive certain benefits, such as child support and health or life insurance based on the father’s employment.   

Voluntary Acknowledgment of Paternity and DNA Tests

Under Illinois law, if two people are not married or in a civil union, then a form can be signed to identify the father of a child. This is called Voluntary Acknowledgment of Paternity (VAP), and it will ensure that a father can be listed on the child’s birth certificate. The form can be filled out at the hospital or at a later time by obtaining it from a child support office, county clerk’s office, or online. To complete this process, both parents must read and understand their rights upon signing the form. The form is then filed with the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services.

Establishing paternity benefits a child by giving him or her the right to receive support from and have a relationship with both parents. However, it is important for parents to understand how Illinois law defines and determines paternity.

What Is Paternity?

Paternity is the identity of a child’s legal father. This is established through the marital status of the parents, a Voluntary Acknowledgement of Paternity, a court-ordered DNA test, or adoption. If a woman is married or in a civil union within 300 days before the birth of the child, then her partner is presumed to be the child’s legal father. 

When paternity is established for a child, it gives him or her certain legal benefits based on their legal relationship with both parents, including: